The Kuleshov Effect

This is film editing technique demonstrated by a Russian film maker  Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s. It Implies that the actor is looking at something which may not be what it seems to be. 
for example:
This old man is smiling at his wife, and she is smiling back at him. 

However, if we remove the image of the woman and replace it with a young women in a bikini the representation of the old man will be changed completely from friendly old man to dirty old man.